Compute providers (CoreWeave, AWS, Azure, Google) should be required to implement Know-Your-Customer (KYC) schemes: [[KYC screening]]. A KYC scheme could - Be an early warning signal of capability increases - Allow more targeted export controls to [[China]] or other actors - Support enforcement of [[Compute threshold|compute thresholds]] on frontier model development (by tracking [[FLOP]]) For compute thresholds, regulation also has to take care of the evasion problem - that a company could distribute multiple accounts across multiple providers - requiring cooperation between compute providers. The United States has all the big cloud providers, so regulation there would be most compute covered. However a more complete scheme would also include India, Japan, UAE, EU and China. The hardest part here seems to be regulating who buys from Chinese providers internationally. This is partly a [[Collective action problem|collective action problem]] as governments get extra business when not imposing KYC, and the scheme is less meaningful when there remain providers without it. [^1] [^1]: Blog - Lennart Heim. 2023. “Oversight for Frontier AI through a Know-Your-Customer Scheme for Compute Providers.” October 25. [https://blog.heim.xyz/know-your-customer-scheme-for-compute-providers/](https://blog.heim.xyz/know-your-customer-scheme-for-compute-providers/). [[OversightFrontierAI2023|Annotations]]